Apparatus for cracking oils.



C. G. LAMBERT.

APPARATUS FOR CRACKING OILS. APPLICATION mzn IULY'T. 19:7.

1 ,245,930. Patented No). 6, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

U. h. LAMBERT.

APPARATUS FOR CRACKING OILS. APPLICIATION men JULY 1. nan.

1,245,930. I v Patented Nov. 6, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- C. G. LAMBERT.

APPARATUS FOR CRACKING OIL'S.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 7-. zen.

1,245,930. I PatentedNov 6,1917.

' F 3SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENTIOFFIOE- CHARLES GUY LAMBERT, 0F SHREVEPOBT, LOUISIANA.

APPARATUS FOR CRACKING OILS.

Toall whom-it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES GUY LAM- nnn'r, a citizen of the United States, residin at Shreveport, in the parish of Caddo an State of Louisiana have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Cracking Oils; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it ap ertains to make and use the same.

y invention relates to processes for cracking oil, and it relates especially to that method of cracking oil which consists in heating the oil to a high-temperature and under high pressure and then allowing it to escape and expand; whereby the lighter particles are caused to separate from the heavier and rise, and are carried away to be separated and clarified and refined, as will be hereinafter more fully described.

My invention will be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which show an embodiment of the preferred form, and in which like parts are indicated by like reference symbols throughout the several views:

Figure 1 1s a diagram showing a slde elevation of the complete apparatus, the furnace being shown in section;

Fig 2 shows a central longitudinal section through the cylindrical still shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 shows a horizontal section through the upper part of the still, the section being along down; I v

Fig. 3 shows a horizontal section throu h the heating main, and shows the heatersvln plan- Fig." 4 shows a section along the l1ne 4.,-4

the line 3-3 of Fig. 2, and looking of Fig. 2, and looking inthe direction of the arrows;

Fig. 5 shows a section through the separator shown in Fig. 1, the parts being on a larger scale than in said fi re;

Fi 6 shows a section a ong the line 6- of Fig. 5, and looking down;

i Fig. 7 shows a cross section through theheating main containing the electric heater,

and through which t e oil continuously passes to the sprays;

Figs. 8 and 9 show respectively, a central section, and an end view of a nozzle which maybe substituted for the spraying device shown in Fig. 3; and

Fig. 10 shows still another modified form Specification of Letters Patent.

'5, and covere of nozzle in which the spray issues through an elongated slit instead of through a circular opening.

Referring first to Figs. 1 to4, A represents a cylindrical still into which the oil is pumped from the reservoir B by the pump Patented Nov. 6, 191 7. Application filed i'uly 7, 1917. Serial No. 179,214. 4 I

C through the pipe D. This still is provided with a suitable manhole and cover a. Beneath the still is provided a suitable furnace E. Mounted in the still is a heatmg main F into which the oil is pumped from the pump G driven in any convenient way, as by the engine H. This um draws oil from the interior of the stil an forces it into the main F. This main, shown in Fig. 7, is preferably composed of a strong pipe 1 surrounded by suitable heat insulating material 2, and is covered, by a protective coating 3.

Mounted inside of this main is a series of electric heating coils 4 surrounding the core by non-conductin material 6 so that the electric current supp.ied to the heaters is insulated from the main.

Electric current is supplied by conductors I connected to any suitable source of low tension currents of electricity. 1

The heating main F ,'s connected by the vertical pipe F to the branch 'pipes F which are connected, respectively, to the delivery pipes F, the oil escaping from these pipes in the form of a series of sprays.

These sprays may be secured by using U- shaped pipes fprovided with minute perforations therethrough as shown in Figs. 2 and 3; or, instead'of these U-shaped pipes 7', suitable nozzles f, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, or nozzles f, as shown in Fig. 10, may be provided. A

On to of the still the dome A is mounted, whic is provided with a series of perforated bafiie plates a a, a, .the perforations in the plate a being preferably of larger diameter than those in the plate a", and the perforations in the plate a being of preferably larger diameter than. those in the plate a The number of these bafiie plates may be increased or decreased as desired.

This dome is connected by the vapor line J to the base of the separator K, which is pans 8 which catch the condensates of the gases, while the aseous particles rise upward and are carried off by the pipe J eonthrough a-suitable drain V.

to the desired temperature as it passes,

*' supply. pipe R and an overflow pie R.

stitutin the second part of the va or line,

which eli'vers the gas to any suita le condensing coils lb in the condenser M, the conde'nsed oil being drained ed by the pipe N to the weighing box 0, and thence passing throu. h the pipe 1? to the receivlng tank Q.

Eac of the drip pans 8 18 provided witha drain pi e 0 connected to the manifold 10, which delivers the lipuid caught in the drip pan either to the st1 l by the pipe 11 or to the condenser by the pipe 12; these two pipes 11 and 12 being controlled by suitable valves 13 and 14.

Gooseneck trapsl5 and 16 are alst preferably provided to revent the gas from goin directly throng the pipe Jjto the manifo d 10. l

The condenser M is provided with a water The height/of the oil in the sti is determined by a series of pet cocks S; the temperature of the oil in the inain is determined. by any suitable pyrometer; and the pressure b any suitable pressure gage, as shown in igs. 1 and 3.'

The operation of the apparatus is as follows 2' The heating of the oil also saves electriclty, since the oil is hot when it is forced into the main F.

The oil being heated to the desired temperature, the pump G is started and the electric current is applied. The oil is heated through the'main F, and l have found in practice that satisfactory results are ob tained by heating the oil in the mainto a temperatureof about 900 ]F., but he temperature of the oil may be varied within 'wide limits without departing from the spirit of my invention. Difierent oils would require difi'erent temperatures for treatment.

as 5000, pounds per square inch.

After the oil is heated to. the desired temperature in the main, it escapesthrough the perforations f or the nozzles already referred to. These perforations should be made so small compuredto the power of the pump, that the pressure exerted by the pump in the main maybe carried as-high as several thousand pounds, preferably as high The oil escaping through these minute orifices, and'under very high pressure and at a high temperature, into the; vapor space where the-pressure is only slightly higher than that of the atmosphere, will crack the eathen lighter volatile products being given oh, and the heavier liquid particles as vapor dropping down into the main body of oil in .the still, and the lighter gases, with re or less liquid entrained, Wlll rise upwardthrough the heme plates in the dome and enter the vapor linewhere the gases are separated from the liquid particles in the separator K, and the oil is finally condensed in the condenser M and carried to the receiving tank Q.

Access to the interior of the still may be had through the manhole a, the contents of the still being of course first drawn ed. The sprays, whether in the form of loops or nozzles, or any other form, should pref erably be so attached that they may readily be removed from-time to time for the substitution of fresh parts, since the holes through the same will tend to wear and become too large, due to the friction of the liquid passing therethrough under the high pressure and at the high temperature.

By having the heating main l inside of the shell of the still, if the pipe 1- should crack or burst under the high pressure to which the oil therein is subjected, or if any of its joints should leak, the oil contained in said pipe would join that already in the still and no harm would be done; Whereas if the heating main were outside of the still, any rupture of the pipe 1, or any leakage from its joints, would result in the escape of oil with consequent danger of fire. v

l have shown the pump G as inclosed in the shell of the still. and submerged in the body of oil contained therein. This construction is preferred because such high pressure pumps are liable to break down; and if the pump were mounted outside of the still and broke down, there would ordinarily be an escape of oil with corresponding danger of fire, whereas if the pump be inclosed in the still and breaks down, the fall of pressure inthe pressure gage would indicate that the pump was not working, and the charge of oil may-be distilled by heating it up in the still by means of the file in the furnace.

After the run has been completed the manhole a may be opened and the pump repaired or removed.

While I have shown.v two delivery pipes F provided with spray openings, one at each side of the still, obviously a single delivery pipe or more than two such pipes may be used if desired.

I do not mean toconfine my invention to the cylindrical form of shell for the still A, as various other well known forms may be adopted, if desired.

While l have shown in the apparatus the preferred embodiment of the invention, it

will be obvious that different styles of condenser and separator might be used, and that numerous other variations might be .made in the apparatus and the operation of the same without departing from the spirit "of my invention.'

a still, a heating main in the form of a heavy Having thus described myinvention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. Apparatus for cracking oil comprising carrying ofl the gaseous products obtained from said sprays from the top of the still, substantially as described.

2. Apparatus for cracking oil comprising a still, a heating main in the form of a heavy pipe mounted in said still and coated with heat insulating material, an electric heater mounted in said pipe and electrically insulated therefrom. means for forcing the oil contained in said still under heavy pressure through said oil main, means for'spraying the oil delivered by said oil main into the vapor space in said still, and means .for carrying off the gaseous products obtained from said sprays from the top of the still, with means for separating the condensates from said gaseous products and returning the same to the still, and means' for condensing the final gaseous products into the liquid form, substantially as described.

3. Apparatus for cracking oil comprising a still, a heating main in the form of a heavy pipe mounted in said still and coated with heat insulating material, an electric heater mounted in said pipe and electrically insulated therefrom, a pump also located inside the still, forforcing the oil contained in said still under heavy pressure through said main, means for spraying the oil elivered by said -main into the vapor spac in said still and means for carrying ofi the gaseous products obtained from said sprays from the top of the still, substantially as described.

4. Apparatus'for cracking oil comprising;

a still, a heating main in the form of a. heavy pipe mounted in said still and coated with heat insulating material, an electric heater mounted in said pipe and electrically insulated therefrom, a pump also located in said still for forcing the oil contained in said still under heavy pressure throu b said main, means for spraying the oil elivered by said main into the vapor space in said still, and means for carrying 0E the gaseous products obtained from said sprays from the top of the still, with means for separating the condensates from said gaseous products and returni the same to the still, and means for condensmgthe finalgaseous products into the liquid form, substantially as described. f

5. Apparatus for cracking oil comprisin a still chamber, a heating main iii-the to of a heavy pipe mounted in said stillchamber and coated with heat insulating material, a series of electric heaters mounted in said pipe and electrically insulated therefrom, means for forcing the oil contained in said still under heavy pressure through said main, branch pipes located in the upper part of the still chamber and connected to said main, a series of sprayingdevices detachably connected to said branch pipes for spraying the oil delivered by said oil main into the vapor space in the upper part of said still chamber, and means for carryin of! the gaseous products obtained from sai sprays from the top of the still, substantially as described.

6. Apparatus for cracking oil comprising a still chamber, a heating main in the form of a heavy pipe mounted in said still chamberv and coated with heat insulating ma-' terial, a series of electric heaters mounted in said pipe and electrically insulated therefrom, means for forcing the oil contained in said still under heavy pressure through said main, branch pipes located in the upper part of the still chamber and connected to said main, a series of spraying devices detachably connected to said branch pipes for spraying the oil deliveredby said oil main into the vapor space in the upper part of said still chamber, and means for carrying off the'gaseous products obtained from said sprays from the top of the still, with means for separating the condensates from said gaseous products and returning the same to the still, and means for condensing the final gaseous products into the liquid form, substantially as described.

7. Apparatus for cracking nil comprising a still'chamber, a heating main in the form of a heavy pipe mounted in said still chamber and coated with heat insulating material, a series of electric heaters mounted in said pipe and electrically insulated therefrom, a ump also contained in said still chamber oriore'ingf the oil contained in said still under heavy pressure through said mam,

branch pipes located in the upper part of the still chamber and connected to said main, a serics of spraying devices detachably connected to said branch pipes for spraying the oil de livered by said oil main m'to'the vapor space in the upper part ofsaid still chamber, and means f r carrying ofl' the gaseous products obtaine from said sprays from the top of the .still, substantially as described.

8. Apparatus for cracking oil comprising a still chamber, a heating main in the form.

of a-heavy pipe mounted in said still ch 1;

teriml, is, seriea @f @lGfilille lieiitbers moimtedl in Sllld pipe: will electrically insulated tl1 mfrom, a, pump also: contained in saidl still chamber for lowing the oil onminedl in saiol mill under heavy pressiim lhmugh smitl mmiim branch pipes lmsmaefl in the upper part of the sisill chambai and. connecibedl in said main, wries of: spmyimg devicasf detmchillily connected to said branch pipes for imaging iblmenil delivered loy said @il main into Elma VAEZBPQE'BMWG in this nippmr 19ml} @if igmmw will still clmmlm, will Imam rim carry oil? film gmswms pmfllmiz olmhiieil fmm sx i spmys fix-um the lamp of the $3, with mm for sepzmmiing tine condletes from widl 16 gaseous pmducm imil returning the @MIBQ to the still, and. means for condensing lube al gaseous products inQo the liquid f0, sill)- stamlimlly as bail.

' In fiseasiimamy wherwfi l azilx my sigmmum. 20

CHARLES GUY LAMRERT. 

